Vertigo is a condition where a person feels dizzy and experiences the illusion that the surroundings are spinning. This sensation can stem from issues in the brain, inner ear, or sensory nerves. Vertigo often results in sudden dizziness, throwing off balance and potentially causing a blackout. Though it can affect individuals of all ages, it is most commonly seen in people over 65.
Symptoms of Vertigo
Sudden movements, like sitting or standing, can trigger intense dizziness. Common symptoms include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Severe headaches
- Motion sickness
- Head injuries
- Migraines
- Shingles around the ear
- Ringing in the ears
- Balance problems
- Involuntary eye movements (nystagmus)
- Prolonged bed rest
Causes of Vertigo
Several factors or conditions can lead to vertigo, often resulting from disruptions in the nervous system that affect balance.
Ear infections
Non-cancerous growths, such as cholesteatoma, can develop in the middle ear, causing dizziness and increasing the risk of hearing loss.
Labyrinthitis
This inner ear infection impacts balance, often triggered by a cold or flu. The labyrinth transfers head position information to the brain. When inflamed, it can cause pain, dizziness, and hearing problems.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
BPPV is the most common cause of vertigo, triggered by sudden head movements. While not serious, it can increase the risk of falls.
Meniere’s Disease
Meniere’s disease involves fluid buildup in the inner ear, causing dizziness, pressure, and hearing issues. Typically affecting one ear, it can spread to both. Though it cannot be cured, treatments help manage symptoms.
Migraine
Migraines, often characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head, can also trigger vertigo, especially in younger individuals.
Tests and Procedures for Vertigo Diagnosis
Fukuda-Unterberger’s Test
You’ll be asked to walk in a straight line for 25-30 seconds with your eyes closed. Leaning to one side may indicate inner ear issues linked to vertigo.
Head Impulse Test (HIT)
Your doctor will gently move your head while asking you to focus on an object. Any irregular eye movements may suggest vertigo.
Romberg’s Test
Standing with your feet together and eyes closed, the test checks for balance. Difficulty standing or shakiness indicates possible nervous system disruptions causing vertigo.
