Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to a substance, also known as an allergen, which is usually harmless to most people. These allergens can trigger symptoms that range from mild irritation to severe reactions. Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, dust mites, certain foods, and medications. Allergic reactions happen when your body mistakes these allergens as harmful and releases chemicals to fight them, causing symptoms like sneezing, itching, and swelling.
Symptoms of Allergy
The symptoms of allergies can vary depending on the type of allergen. Some common signs include:
- Sneezing and runny nose
- Itchy or watery eyes
- Hives or skin rash
- Coughing or wheezing
- Shortness of breath
- Swelling, especially of the face or throat (in severe cases)
- Digestive issues (in case of food allergies)
Causes of Allergy
Allergic reactions can be triggered by various allergens that your immune system perceives as dangerous. Here are some common causes:
Pollen: Commonly associated with hay fever, pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds can trigger allergic reactions during specific seasons.
Dust mites: These tiny bugs live in bedding, carpets, and furniture and can trigger year-round allergies.
Pet dander: Proteins found in an animal’s skin, saliva, or urine can cause allergic reactions, even if you’re not directly in contact with the animal.
Mold: Mold spores can be present in damp areas, and inhaling them can trigger allergies.
Food allergies: Foods like peanuts, shellfish, eggs, and dairy are common triggers, causing anything from mild rashes to severe anaphylaxis.
Insect stings: Bee, wasp, or hornet stings can cause severe allergic reactions, especially in sensitive individuals.
