Stomach ulcers, also known as gastric or peptic ulcers, are painful sores that develop in the lining of the stomach. They can affect both the stomach and the small intestines, occurring when digestive acids damage the protective lining of the stomach. Diagnosis often involves imaging and lab tests. While stomach ulcers are treatable, they can become serious without proper care.
Symptoms
Symptoms of stomach ulcers can differ from person to person. A common sign is a burning sensation in the middle of the abdomen, between the chest and belly button. Pain may intensify when the stomach is empty. Below are some other common symptoms of stomach ulcers:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Bloating
- Nausea
- Acid reflux
- Heartburn
- Feeling bloated or full
- Dull stomach pain
- Black, tarry stools
- Anemia
- Vomiting blood
Causes of Stomach Ulcers
Stomach ulcers occur when the protective mucus layer in the stomach or small intestine becomes weakened, allowing acids to cause sores. Some common causes include:
- Bacterial infection: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
- Frequent use of pain relievers: Certain medications, like NSAIDs
- Smoking: Especially in those infected with H. pylori
- Alcohol consumption: Increases acid production in the stomach
- Spicy food: Excessive intake can irritate the stomach lining
Diagnosis
To diagnose a stomach ulcer, your doctor will review your medical history and perform a physical examination. Additional tests may be recommended, such as:
- Breath test: You’ll consume a substance containing radioactive carbon, which H. pylori bacteria can break down. By analyzing your breath after the test, the doctor can detect the presence of carbon dioxide, indicating an infection.
- Endoscopy: A tube with a camera is inserted into the stomach to inspect the ulcer. This procedure is generally done for older patients or those with more severe symptoms.
- Biopsy: If an ulcer is found, a small tissue sample may be taken for lab analysis to identify the bacteria present.
Treatment
If H. pylori bacteria are detected in the digestive system, specific treatments will be recommended. Some common treatments include:
- Antibiotics: To target H. pylori infection.
- Medications: To reduce stomach acid production.
- Antacids: To relieve pain and neutralize stomach acid.
Cytoprotective agents: To protect the lining of the stomach.
