Rectal prolapse is a medical condition characterized by the displacement of the rectum—the final section of the large intestine—towards the anus, leading to the rectum slipping out of its original position. While rectal prolapse is not classified as a medical emergency, it is crucial to seek timely clinical intervention to address the condition effectively.
There are three primary types of rectal prolapse:
- External Prolapse
- Mucosal Prolapse
- Internal Prolapse
Symptoms of Rectal Prolapse
The most noticeable symptom of rectal prolapse is a red mass protruding from the anus, often occurring during bowel movements when straining. This mass may either retract back inside or remain visible. Other common symptoms include:
- Inability to control bowel movements
- A sensation of bulging around the anus
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Leakage of blood or mucus from the rectum (fecal incontinence)
- A feeling that the rectum is not completely empty after a bowel movement
Causes of Rectal Prolapse
The exact causes of rectal prolapse remain unclear. However, it is more frequently observed in new mothers following childbirth. Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing rectal prolapse, including:
- Advanced age (over 50 years)
- Gender (more prevalent in women)
- History of chronic diarrhea or constipation
- Straining during bowel movements
- Injuries to the lower back, anal, or hip areas
- Neurological issues
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Distinguishing Rectal Prolapse from Hemorrhoids
It is essential to differentiate rectal prolapse from hemorrhoids, which are swollen blood vessels in and around the anus. While some symptoms of internal rectal prolapse may resemble those of hemorrhoids, the two conditions are distinct.
Diagnosis of Rectal Prolapse
Diagnosing rectal prolapse typically involves several tests and procedures, such as:
- Digital rectal exam
- Anal manometry
- Colonoscopy
- Anal ultrasound
Treatment Options for Rectal Prolapse
Surgical repair is the most common treatment for rectal prolapse, with two primary surgical approaches: abdominal and perineal. In addition to surgery, your healthcare provider will address any underlying issues contributing to the condition, which may include prescribing medications for chronic constipation or diarrhea.
Preventing Rectal Prolapse
Preventing rectal prolapse primarily revolves around minimizing straining during bowel movements. Strategies to achieve this include:
- Increasing fiber intake
- Staying well-hydrated
- Engaging in regular exercise
- Maintaining a healthy body weight
- Avoiding heavy lifting to reduce pressure on bowel muscles
Complications of Rectal Prolapse
If left untreated, rectal prolapse can lead to serious complications, such as severe rectal bleeding, strangulation (reduced blood supply to the rectum), and damage to rectal tissues.
Key Takeaways
- Rectal prolapse involves the rectum slipping into the anus and is not a medical emergency.
- Symptoms include a protruding red mass from the anus, a sensation of bulging, loss of bowel control, and fecal incontinence.
- Timely intervention is necessary, often requiring surgical correction to alleviate troubling symptoms.
For personalized advice and treatment options, please consult our experts at Yupiter Hospital.
