Nasal Obstruction Overview

Nasal Obstruction Overview

Nasal obstruction, marked by difficulty breathing through the nose, can lead to symptoms such as congestion, snoring, and reduced smell. It may result from structural issues like a deviated septum or nasal polyps, or from inflammatory conditions such as allergies and sinusitis. Obstruction can be unilateral or bilateral, impacting life quality. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical exam, and possibly imaging studies. Treatment options include nasal decongestants, antihistamines, corticosteroids, or surgical procedures like septoplasty. The goal is to relieve symptoms, improve airflow, and enhance overall respiratory function and quality of life.

What is Nasal Obstruction?

Nasal obstruction occurs when airflow through the nose is blocked or restricted for any reason. It is also known as a nasal blockage and can affect one or both nostrils. 

Often caused by allergies or sinus infections, nasal obstructions are usually temporary. 

However, they can also indicate underlying issues such as septal deviation, rhinitis, nasal trauma, or adenoid hypertrophy. While some blockages resolve on their own, others may require medical intervention.

Types of Nasal Obstruction

Nasal obstructions can arise from various causes. Excluding foreign objects inserted into the nasal cavities, common types include:

Deviated Nasal Septum

This is when the bony wall dividing the nasal cavity is crooked. Though often not serious, severe deviation can cause chronic nasal issues.

Choanal Atresia

A congenital condition where the nasal airway is blocked by tissue due to improper dissolution during fetal development.

Oversized Adenoids

Adenoids are tissue patches at the back of the nasal cavity. When enlarged, they can obstruct the nasal passages.

Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy

Inflammation of the turbinate tissues inside the nose, often caused by infections, allergies, or medication reactions.

Nasal Polyps

Soft, non-cancerous growths in the nasal passages or sinuses that can cause breathing difficulties and blockages.

Signs and Symptoms of Nasal Obstruction

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Difficulty breathing through the nose
• Runny nose
• Postnasal drip
• Trouble sleeping
• Facial pain or pressure
• Headaches
• Habitual snoring

Nasal obstruction can negatively impact quality of life, affecting sleep, alertness, and energy levels, and increasing the risk of accidents.

Causes of Nasal Obstruction

Nasal obstructions can result from various issues, such as:

• Structural Abnormalities: Congenital nose abnormalities can lead to significant obstructions affecting quality of life
• Polyposis: Nasal polyps or swellings of the nasal lining can cause obstruction, sometimes linked with asthma or cystic fibrosis.
• Rhinitis: Often caused by allergens, viral infections, or overuse of decongestants, leading to nasal congestion and itchiness.
• Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Infection and inflammation in the nasal passage and sinuses that may require surgery.
• Neoplasia: Sinonasal tumors, which may be benign or malignant, causing obstructions.

Diagnosis of Nasal Obstruction

Diagnosis may involve:

• Nasal Exam: Physical inspection of nasal structures may reveal blockages.
• Throat Culture: To check for microorganisms if other symptoms are present.
• Allergy Testing: To identify potential allergic causes.
• CT Scan: To examine the nasal passage for obstructions.
• Nasal Endoscopy: A procedure using a camera to view the inside of the nasal cavity and sinuses.

How is Nasal Obstruction Treated?

Treatment options include:

• Antibiotics (for bacterial infections)
• Oral Antihistamines or Steroids
• Topical Nasal Steroids or Antihistamine Spray
• Radiofrequency Turbinate Ablation
• Turbinectomy or Turbinoplasty
• Nasal Valve Surgery
• Septoplasty
• Image-guided Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

How to Prevent Nasal Obstruction?

To reduce the risk of nasal obstruction:

• Avoid known allergens.
• Perform nasal and sinus irrigation with saline.
• Use a humidifier.
• Avoid smoking.
• Stay hydrated with plenty of water.
• Take a hot shower before bed.
• Use steam treatments.
• Blow your nose before bed to prevent mucus buildup.
• Sleep on your side, avoiding back-lying positions.

Conclusion

Nasal obstruction is a prevalent issue that can often be managed or cured with appropriate medical care. If you or someone you know has nasal obstruction, seeking treatment is crucial.

At Yupiter Hospital, experienced ENT specialists provide advanced treatment options for nasal obstruction. Their precise approach ensures a swift and effective recovery. Book an appointment with our specialist for the best nasal obstruction treatment.