A hydrocele occurs when fluid accumulates in the scrotum, specifically in the thin sheath that surrounds the testicles. This buildup can result in significant swelling and discomfort.
While hydroceles are often not a serious health concern, they can cause embarrassment, discomfort, and other bothersome symptoms.
Symptoms of Hydrocele
Hydroceles don’t always present noticeable symptoms. Some men may experience discomfort, while others might not feel any effects.
The primary sign of a hydrocele is painless swelling in one or both testicles. Other common symptoms include:
- A feeling of heaviness due to swelling
- Gradual pain increase as inflammation worsens
- Swelling that is smaller in the morning but worsens as the day goes on
There are two main types of hydroceles, each with varying symptoms:
- Communicating Hydrocele: This type involves fluid from the abdominal cavity flowing into the scrotum, usually because the inguinal canal has not closed properly, increasing the risk of hernia.
- Non-communicating Hydrocele: In this case, the inguinal canal has closed, but fluid remains trapped in the scrotum. This type usually stays the same size or grows slowly.
Causes of Hydrocele
The causes of hydrocele differ between children and adults.
In Babies
Hydroceles in newborns can develop before birth. As the testicles descend from the abdomen into the scrotum, they are accompanied by a fluid-filled sac. Normally, these sacs close and the fluid is absorbed. However, if the sac remains open, the fluid can persist, sometimes flowing back into the abdomen, often linked to inguinal hernia.
In Adults
In adult males, hydroceles are commonly caused by inflammation or injury, and sometimes by infections in the testicle.
Although anyone can develop a hydrocele, certain factors may increase the risk, including:
- Premature birth
- Injury or inflammation in the scrotum
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Diagnosing Hydrocele
Hydroceles are common in infants and may not require specific diagnostic procedures. For adults, your healthcare provider will follow a structured approach to diagnose a hydrocele.
The doctor will first conduct a physical examination, checking the scrotum for tenderness and applying pressure to the abdomen to assess the possibility of an inguinal hernia. A light may also be shined through the scrotum to detect fluid buildup.
Additional diagnostic tests may include:
- Blood test
- Urine test
- Ultrasound scan
Treatment for Hydrocele
Treatment for hydroceles depends on factors such as the patient’s age, the cause of the condition, and the presence of a hernia.
In most baby boys, hydroceles resolve on their own over time and do not require treatment. However, if a hydrocele develops later in life, medical intervention may be necessary. In such cases, surgery to remove the hydrocele may be required, which is typically followed by fluid drainage and additional follow-up care.
