Cirrhosis is an advanced liver condition characterized by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with severely scarred tissue, resulting in irreversible damage. This scarring disrupts the liver’s ability to function effectively.
Healthy liver tissue can be harmed by various diseases and conditions. While treatment can help manage the symptoms, it cannot fully restore damaged liver tissue.
The scarred tissue impairs the liver’s capacity to metabolize essential nutrients and produce the hormones necessary for its proper functioning.
Stages of Cirrhosis
A diagnosis of cirrhosis indicates that the individual has progressed beyond the early stages of the disease. Healthcare professionals often categorize cirrhosis into stages:
- Compensated Cirrhosis: In this stage, individuals may not exhibit visible symptoms, and diagnostic tests or imaging might not reveal significant concerns. A liver biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
- Decompensated Cirrhosis: This stage occurs when liver function is severely compromised, making it challenging for the liver to operate normally. A biopsy can help assess the extent of scarring in the liver tissue.
Signs and Symptoms of Cirrhosis
Symptoms of cirrhosis can vary based on the stage of the disease, and individual experiences may differ. Common symptoms include:
- Internal bleeding
- Swollen legs and abdomen
- Fatigue
- Weight loss or malnutrition
- Poor appetite
- Itchy skin
- Redness in the hands
- Easy bruising
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Causes of Cirrhosis
Numerous diseases and conditions can contribute to liver failure, including:
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Fat accumulation
- Cystic fibrosis
- Biliary atresia
- Autoimmune diseases
- Biliary cirrhosis
- Genetic digestive disorders
- Certain medications
- Hepatitis B, C, and D
- Copper accumulation in the liver
Complications of Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis can lead to serious complications that may require immediate medical attention:
- Swelling: Increased pressure in the veins can cause fluid buildup in the legs (edema) and abdomen (ascites), affecting normal mobility. This fluid accumulation can hinder the liver’s ability to produce vital proteins.
- Bleeding: Portal hypertension can cause smaller veins to enlarge, potentially leading to life-threatening bleeding in the esophagus or stomach.
- Infections: Cirrhosis may weaken the body’s ability to fight infections, resulting in severe damage to the liver.
- Malnutrition: Cirrhosis can impede nutrient absorption, leading to weakness and weight loss.
Treatment for Cirrhosis
If cirrhosis is identified in its early stages, it may be possible to reduce liver damage caused by underlying conditions:
- Individuals diagnosed with alcohol-related cirrhosis should cease alcohol consumption immediately, as even small amounts can exacerbate liver damage.
- Those who are overweight should focus on weight management, as losing excess fat and regulating blood sugar levels can help control liver damage.
- Consult a specialist if liver damage is related to certain medications; appropriate medication management may mitigate further liver deterioration.
Important Points to Remember:
- Cirrhosis is a liver disease that, while manageable, cannot be cured.
- Progressive liver damage can lead to liver failure.
- The diagnosis of cirrhosis indicates that healthy liver tissue has become significantly scarred, increasing the risk of liver dysfunction.
