Acoustic neuromas
Also known as vestibular schwannomas, are non-cancerous tumors that develop on the vestibular nerve, which connects the inner ear to the brain. These slow-growing tumors can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance problems as they press on surrounding structures. While their exact cause is unclear, some cases are linked to the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 2. Treatment options depend on factors like the size of the tumor and the severity of symptoms, ranging from active monitoring to surgery or radiation therapy. Early detection is essential for managing symptoms and preserving neurological function in affected individuals.
Acoustic neuromas are non-cancerous tumors in the ears that can affect hearing and balance. Here, we discuss acoustic neuroma causes, symptoms, treatments, and survival rates.
What is an acoustic neuroma?
Acoustic neuroma, also called vestibular schwannoma, is a non-cancerous tumor that grows in the inner ear. It develops from Schwann cells, which are responsible for insulating and protecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Normally, Schwann cells play a vital role in nerve function, but sometimes they can form benign tumors. In the case of an acoustic neuroma, this tumor affects the vestibular nerve, which connects the inner ear to the brain.
What causes acoustic neuromas?
Acoustic neuromas are rare, affecting about one in every 100,000 people. These tumors are typically found in adults, especially women between the ages of 30 and 60. The exact cause of acoustic neuromas remains unknown, though there is a possible link to Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), a genetic condition that can lead to tumor growth on nerves.
Types of acoustic neuroma
Acoustic neuromas are classified as either unilateral/sporadic or bilateral/genetic tumors:
- Unilateral acoustic neuromas occur on one side of the body without any genetic precursors
- Genetic acoustic neuromas are linked to NF2 and can occur on both sides of the body, sometimes multiple times.
Acoustic neuroma symptoms
- Hearing loss
- Imbalance
- Dizziness
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears
- Facial numbness
- Difficulty speaking & swallowing
- Fluid build-up in the brain
Acoustic neuroma complications
Complications vary depending on the tumor’s stage. While some patients recover hearing and balance after tumor removal, others may experience permanent hearing loss. In advanced cases, the tumor may press against the brain stem, causing life-threatening complications. Timely detection and treatment can help avoid long-term issues.
Acoustic neuroma survival rate
In about 70% of cases, acoustic neuroma tumors do not grow after diagnosis, while 30% may grow within four years. With timely treatment, most tumors can be removed, improving the prognosis significantly.
Treatments for acoustic neuroma
Acoustic neuromas are diagnosed using audiograms, ENG, MRI, CT, and ABR. Treatment depends on the tumor size and stage.
- For small tumors, observation may be recommended. Surgical resection is considered when the tumor is large or impacting vital functions.
- Surgical approaches include suboccipital, middle fossa, and translabyrinthine, depending on the tumor’s location. Hearing preservation is possible in 20%-80% of cases. Stereotactic radiosurgery is another option, offering up to 95% tumor control and 70% hearing preservation.
In conclusion
Acoustic neuroma doesn’t have to limit a patient’s quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment lead to better outcomes. Even small lifestyle changes can make a significant difference. At Yupiter Hospital, our ENT specialists and oncologists offer personalized care using advanced imaging systems and endoscopic instruments. Book an appointment with our leading experts today for a customized treatment plan.
