Spondylosis, commonly referred to as cervical spondylosis, encompasses various musculoskeletal conditions that impact the spinal discs in the neck. This condition involves the degeneration of joints, cartilage, ligaments, bones, and discs within the spine, primarily due to the natural wear and tear that comes with aging. It is a prevalent condition, particularly among individuals over the age of 60, and is often associated with arthritis or osteoarthritis of the neck.
Symptoms of Spondylosis
The symptoms of spondylosis can be subtle, with many individuals experiencing no noticeable signs at all. However, those affected may exhibit symptoms such as:
- Neck pain
- Neck stiffness
As the condition progresses, it can lead to a narrowing of the spinal canal, potentially affecting the nerve roots that extend through the spine. This may result in additional symptoms, including:
- Tingling, weakness, or numbness in the arms, legs, hands, and feet
- Coordination difficulties
- Challenges with walking
- Loss of bladder control
Causes of Spondylosis
The primary cause of spondylosis is age-related degeneration. Various factors contribute to these changes, including:
- Dehydrated Discs: Over time, the cartilage between spinal discs can dry out and shrink, increasing friction between bones.
- Herniated Discs: Age can also cause the exterior of discs to develop cracks, leading to bulging discs that may compress the spinal cord.
- Bone Spurs: Disc degeneration can result in the formation of extra bone, which may pinch the spinal cord.
While anyone can develop cervical spondylosis, certain individuals are at higher risk. Common risk factors include:
- Older age
- Occupations that involve repetitive motions or awkward postures
- Previous neck injuries
- Genetic predisposition
- Smoking
Diagnosis of Spondylosis
If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, your healthcare provider will conduct a thorough evaluation to diagnose your condition. This typically begins with a physical examination to assess your neck’s range of motion, reflexes, and muscle strength. Your doctor may also observe your walking patterns to evaluate spinal compression effects.
Following the physical assessment, additional tests may be ordered, such as:
- Neck X-ray
- CT scan
- Myelography
- Nerve function tests
Treatment Options for Spondylosis
When determining the appropriate treatment for spondylosis, several factors are considered, with an initial focus on relieving symptoms, particularly pain. The goal of treatment is to restore normal neck function and prevent any permanent damage or injury. Common treatment approaches for cervical spondylosis may include:
- Medications
- Muscle relaxants
- Physical therapy
- Surgical interventions to remove herniated discs or bone spurs
- Surgery to excise part of a vertebra
- Surgery to fuse a segment of the neck using bone grafts and hardware
