A slipped disc, also known as a herniated disc, occurs when the soft tissues between the vertebrae push outwards, leading to pressure on surrounding nerves and muscles. This can cause significant pain and discomfort, hindering daily activities.
Signs and Symptoms
A slipped disc can impact any region of the spine, from the neck to the lower back, with the lower back being one of the most commonly affected areas. The additional pressure on nerves and muscles can make movement challenging.
The signs and symptoms of a slipped disc may vary among individuals, but common indicators include:
- Discomfort and numbness on one side of the body
- Prolonged pain in the arms or legs
- Pain that intensifies at night or with movement
- Pain during short walks
- Difficulty sitting or standing
- Sudden muscle weakness
- Tingling, aching, or burning sensations affecting the muscles
Causes
A slipped disc occurs when the outer layer of the disc becomes fragile and weak, allowing the inner material to protrude. While there are no specific causes for herniated discs, several factors may contribute to the condition, including:
- Age
- Certain movements or motions
- Lifting heavy objects, which can strain the lower back
- Being overweight or obese
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Weakened muscles
As individuals age, their muscles and nerves are more likely to weaken, increasing the risk of a slipped disc. Additionally, the water content in the discs diminishes with age, making older adults more susceptible to this condition. Slipped discs are more prevalent in men than women.
Diagnosis
To diagnose a slipped disc, a doctor will conduct a physical examination to identify the source of pain. They will assess muscle strength, nerve function, and the level of pain experienced when the affected areas are touched. It is essential to provide a complete medical history to assist with the diagnosis. The following imaging tests may be performed for better clarity regarding severe back pain:
- X-rays
- CT scans
Based on the results of these tests, the healthcare provider will determine the cause of the pain and recommend appropriate treatment options.
Treatment
Treatment for a slipped disc depends on the severity of pain and discomfort experienced by the patient, as well as the extent of the disc displacement. Pain management may include the following doctor-recommended approaches:
- Exercise programs
- Over-the-counter medications
- Avoiding heavy lifting
- Surgery to alleviate pain
- Disc replacement
Prevention
While it may not be possible to entirely prevent slipped discs, certain measures can reduce the risk:
- Engage in lightweight lifting
- Maintain a healthy body mass index (BMI)
- Stretch regularly
- Strengthen the muscles in your back, legs, and abdomen through exercise
