The prostate is a small, walnut-sized gland located just below the bladder. Its primary function is to produce seminal fluid, which supports and protects sperm. As men age, the size of the prostate can change.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers that develops within the prostate gland. This occurs when cells in the prostate start growing uncontrollably. There are several types of prostate cancer, including:
- Adenocarcinomas
- Small cell carcinomas
- Neuroendocrine tumors
- Transitional cell carcinomas
- Sarcomas
Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer symptoms vary from person to person, and early-stage prostate cancer may not present any noticeable signs. In more advanced stages, the following symptoms may occur:
- Difficulty urinating
- Weakened urine stream
- Blood in the urine
- Blood in the semen
- Bone pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Erectile dysfunction
Causes of Prostate Cancer
The exact causes of prostate cancer are not fully understood. However, researchers suggest that DNA changes in prostate cells may lead to the development of cancer. These genetic changes cause cells to grow and divide abnormally, leading to tumor formation.
While prostate cancer can affect any man, certain factors increase the risk:
- Age (men over 50 are at higher risk)
- Family history of prostate cancer
- Obesity or being overweight
Prostate Cancer Treatment
Because prostate cancer often develops without early symptoms, regular screening is important. Understanding your individual risk factors and taking proactive screening measures is crucial.
Diagnostic tests for prostate cancer may include:
- Digital rectal exam (DRE)
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
- Ultrasound
- CT scan
- MRI scan
- Prostate biopsy
Treatment plans for prostate cancer depend on several factors, such as the stage of the cancer, its growth rate, your age, and overall health. Prostate cancer is often treated through a combination of therapies. Common treatment options include:
- Active surveillance
- Chemotherapy
- Prostatectomy (surgical removal of the prostate gland)
- Immunotherapy
- Targeted drug therapy
Key Takeaways:
- The prostate is a small gland that produces seminal fluid in men.
- Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate begin to multiply abnormally.
- While prostate cancer can affect men at any age, it is more common in older men.
