Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by the blockage of the cystic duct due to gallstones, which disrupts normal bile flow. This condition typically leads to persistent abdominal pain and other symptoms. If not treated surgically, cholecystitis can cause long-term complications.
The condition occurs when bile flow is obstructed, leading to the formation of small gallstones. Lifestyle factors, such as poor diet, and certain liver-related illnesses may increase the risk of developing cholecystitis.
While gallbladder inflammation is not immediately life-threatening, it can lead to severe infections and, if left untreated, may result in organ damage or even death.
Signs and Symptoms of Cholecystitis
Cholecystitis develops gradually and should be treated promptly. If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention immediately:
- Sharp pain in the upper right abdomen, sometimes extending to the right shoulder.
- Discomfort after meals or during deep breathing.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- High fever.
- Digestive issues, such as indigestion, gas, or heartburn.
- Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes, skin, or nails).
- Dark urine or pale stools.
Types of Cholecystitis
Cholecystitis can be categorized based on the presence of gallstones and bile content. There are two types of gallstones:
- Cholesterol stones (80% of cases): Yellow-green stones made of cholesterol.
- Pigment stones: Dark stones formed from excess bile pigments.
These stones block bile ducts, leading to inflammation.
Causes of Cholecystitis
The gallbladder stores bile temporarily. In cholecystitis, a blockage in the cystic duct causes bile to build up, resulting in inflammation. Some potential causes include:
- Gallstones blocking the bile duct.
- Bacterial or viral infections.
- Tumors obstructing bile flow.
Risk Factors for Cholecystitis
Certain individuals are more prone to developing cholecystitis, including:
- People who are overweight.
- Those with a high-fat diet or excessive alcohol consumption.
- Individuals with a history of liver or pancreatic conditions.
- People with diabetes or high cholesterol.
- Older adults (over 50).
- Women, who are more susceptible than men.
Diagnosing Gallbladder Inflammation
If you have persistent pain in the upper right abdomen, a gastroenterologist can perform several tests to diagnose cholecystitis:
- Blood tests for bilirubin levels.
- Cholesterol screening.
- Abdominal ultrasound.
- Hepatobiliary nuclear imaging (HIDA scan).
- MRI or CT scans to detect blockages or inflammation.
Treatment for Cholecystitis
Surgical intervention is often necessary to treat cholecystitis, especially when gallstones block the bile duct. Common treatments include:
- Laparoscopic surgery: Minimally invasive surgery to remove the gallbladder or drain the duct.
- Cholecystostomy: Draining the gallbladder to clear blockages.
- Cholecystectomy: Removal of the gallbladder, often necessary for acute cases.
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Removal of gallstones or bile duct sludge.
Removing the gallbladder does not affect bile production, as bile is still secreted directly from the liver to the small intestine.
Preventing Cholecystitis
You can lower your risk of gallbladder inflammation by adopting a healthy lifestyle:
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Exercise regularly.
- Avoid alcohol.
- Limit fatty foods.
- Get regular check-ups for potential abdominal issues.
Conclusion
Cholecystitis can develop from untreated abdominal discomfort or underlying conditions. Laparoscopic surgery provides effective relief, but lifestyle changes are necessary to prevent future complications.
If you’re experiencing frequent abdominal pain, consult a specialist at Yupiter Hospital. Our expert gastroenterologists provide comprehensive care and advanced treatment options for gallbladder inflammation. Book your appointment today for timely diagnosis and treatment.
