Laryngology is a subspecialty within our ENT department, focusing on conditions and injuries related to the larynx, commonly known as the voice box. The larynx, located in the front of the neck, houses the vocal cords and plays a key role in voice production, swallowing, and breathing. Numerous conditions can affect the larynx, and our expert team is equipped to diagnose and treat these issues. Our ENT specialists collaborate closely with pulmonologists to address airway and swallowing disorders related to the voice box. We also offer comprehensive care through language and speech therapy for optimal recovery.
Factors Affecting the Larynx
Several factors can lead to laryngeal conditions, often resulting from tension, strain, or injury to the vocal cords, such as:
- Persistent coughing
- Smoking
- Speaking too loudly or softly
- Screaming or shouting
- Excessive singing
Overusing the vocal cords may result in voice changes, making it hoarse or raspy. If hoarseness lasts for more than 2-4 weeks without a known cause, consulting an ENT specialist is recommended.
Common Voice Disorders
Voice disorders typically result from vocal cord overuse or misuse. Here are some common conditions:
1. Laryngitis
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the vocal cords, often due to overuse, irritation, or infection. Viral infections are a common cause. Symptoms include hoarseness, voice loss, sore or dry throat, and a persistent cough. Laryngitis may be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term), with chronic cases requiring treatment for underlying causes like smoking or acid reflux.
2. Vocal Cord Lesions
These non-cancerous growths—nodules, polyps, and cysts—form due to vocal strain or overuse, often affecting professionals like teachers, singers, or lawyers. Nodules develop from continuous vocal strain, while polyps may result from a single event of vocal abuse. Cysts are less common but can also impair vocal function.
3. Vocal Cord Hemorrhage
A vocal hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel in the vocal cord ruptures, causing sudden voice loss. This is often triggered by excessive vocal strain, such as shouting or screaming.
4. Vocal Cord Paralysis
Paralysis occurs when one or both vocal cords fail to function properly, resulting in weak voice, difficulty swallowing, and a risk of choking. Causes can include stroke, tumors, or injury to the neck, chest, or head.
5. Laryngeal Cancer
Laryngeal cancer is a serious condition marked by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the voice box. Smoking, alcohol use, and chewing tobacco increase the risk. Treatment typically involves partial or complete removal of the larynx, but early diagnosis is critical for proper care.
6. Dysphagia
Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that makes moving food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach difficult. If left untreated, it can become a serious medical issue requiring immediate attention.
Diagnosis
An ENT specialist is the best expert to diagnose laryngeal conditions. Diagnosis often involves a physical exam and may include imaging tests, endoscopy, or biopsy, depending on the case.
Treatment
Treatment plans for laryngeal conditions at Yupiter Hospital are customized based on the patient’s diagnosis and needs. Common treatment options include:
- Lifestyle changes
- Speech therapy
- Medications
- Surgery
- Injections
For severe cases like laryngeal cancer, chemotherapy may be suggested. Consult with our experts for detailed guidance on your treatment plan.
