Arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat stemming from issues with the heart’s electrical system. Individuals with arrhythmia may experience a variety of sensations, including a racing heart (tachycardia), a sluggish heartbeat (bradycardia), or a fluttering feeling (fibrillation). Some may also notice that their heart sometimes skips a beat or adds an extra one. While some cases of arrhythmia are benign, others can signify a serious medical condition. Therefore, it is crucial to consult an electrophysiologist if you experience any concerning symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms of Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia can often go unnoticed, as it may not present any visible signs or symptoms. However, some individuals do experience symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Other potential symptoms include:
- Palpitations (a sensation of fluttering or skipped heartbeats)
- A pounding feeling in the chest
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
- Fainting episodes
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain, discomfort, or tightness
- Unusual fatigue or weakness
- Blurry vision
- Excessive sweating
- Anxiety
Types of Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia encompasses a variety of irregular heart rhythms, each potentially leading to different symptoms. Common types include:
- Bradycardia: Characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate (fewer than 60 beats per minute), bradycardia can be harmless or indicative of serious conditions such as heart block or sick sinus syndrome. It may also be associated with sleep apnea.
- Tachycardia: This type occurs when the heart beats faster than normal (more than 100 beats per minute), which can impede the ventricles’ ability to pump enough blood to the body. Tachycardia lasting longer than 30 minutes requires urgent care.
- Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): When arrhythmia arises in the heart’s lower chambers, it is called ventricular tachycardia. VT often occurs in individuals with a history of heart disease or prior heart attacks, though it can affect others as well.
- Ventricular Fibrillation: A more severe form of arrhythmia, this condition causes the ventricles to beat erratically, potentially leading to life-threatening complications, including sudden cardiac arrest.
- Atrial Arrhythmia: Originating in the upper chambers of the heart, this category includes various types like atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and supraventricular tachycardia.
Causes of Arrhythmia
Several conditions can trigger arrhythmia, including:
- Blocked arteries (coronary artery disease)
- Scar tissue from past heart attacks
- COVID-19 infection
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
- Sleep apnea
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
- Certain medications
- Substance abuse (alcohol and drugs)
- Smoking
- Stress and anxiety
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease)
Diagnosis of Arrhythmia
At Yupiter Hospital, we employ various diagnostic techniques to assess arrhythmia, including:
- Electrophysiology Study (EP): This test evaluates the heart’s electrical activity through wire electrodes inserted into blood vessels connected to the heart.
- Echocardiogram: Often referred to as an ultrasound of the heart, this imaging technique shows how well the heart’s valves and muscles function.
- Tilt Table Test: Used to diagnose fainting and dizziness, this test assesses if these symptoms are linked to blood pressure or heart rate changes.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This method produces detailed images of the heart.
- Exercise Stress Test: This evaluation examines how the heart responds to physical exertion while recording an electrocardiogram (ECG).
- Monitoring Devices: To track heart rhythm continuously, our doctors may recommend Holter monitors or implantable devices like loop recorders.
Treatment of Arrhythmia
Treatment options for arrhythmia may include:
- Medications
- Cardioversion: This procedure resets the heart’s rhythm using electrical shocks or medications.
- Vagal Maneuvers: Techniques like holding your breath or dunking your face in cold water can help alleviate symptoms of certain arrhythmias.
- Pacemaker Implantation: A small device placed under the skin sends electrical signals to regulate abnormal heart rhythms.
- Catheter Ablation: This procedure uses a thin tube to destroy abnormal tissue causing arrhythmia through radiofrequency energy.
- Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD): This device monitors the heart and delivers shocks if it detects life-threatening arrhythmias.
- Maze Procedure: This surgical technique creates scar tissue in the heart to restore normal electrical function.
Prevention
Maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of arrhythmia. Consider the following tips:
- Avoid smoking
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Stay active
- Eat a balanced diet
- Limit alcohol and caffeine
- Manage stress
- Adhere to prescribed medications for existing conditions
Conclusion
While arrhythmia can sometimes be harmless, it may also signal a more serious underlying issue. It is vital for patients to remain vigilant and seek medical assistance promptly if they experience any symptoms. Your heart health is our priority at Yupiter Hospital—trust us to provide you with the care you need.
